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--> }} The Tlatelolco massacre was the killing of an estimated 30 to 300 students and civilians by military and police on October 2, 1968, in the Plaza de las Tres Culturas in the Tlatelolco section of Mexico City. The events are considered part of the Mexican Dirty War, when the government used its forces to suppress political opposition. The massacre occurred 10 days before the opening of the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. More than 1,300 people were arrested by security police. There has been no consensus on how many were killed that day in the plaza area. At the time the government and the mainstream media in Mexico claimed that government forces had been provoked by protesters shooting at them.〔(Kara Michelle Borden, ''Mexico '68: An Analysis of the Tlatelolco Massacre and its Legacy'' ), University of Oregon thesis, p. 3.〕 But government documents made public since 2000 suggest that the snipers had been employed by the government. Estimates of the death toll ranged from 30 to 300, with eyewitnesses reporting hundreds dead.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.radiodiaries.org/audiohistory/storypages/mexico.html )〕〔 "Human rights groups and foreign journalists have put the number of dead at around 300."〕 According to US national security archives, Kate Doyle, a Senior Analyst of US policy in Latin America, documented the deaths of 44 people.〔()〕 The head of the Federal Directorate of Security reported the arrests of 1,345 people on October 2.〔Fernando Gutiérrez Barrios, "PROBLEMA ESTUDIANTIL", 3 October 1968, in ADFS, Exp. 11-4-68, L-44, H-292.〕 ==Background== (詳細はGustavo Díaz Ordaz struggled to maintain peace during a time of rising social tensions but suppressed movements by labor unions and farmers fighting to improve their lot. He wanted to present the country in a positive light without protests. His administration suppressed independent labor unions, farmers, and was heavy-handed in trying to direct the economy. In 1958 under the previous administration of Adolfo López Mateos, labor leader Demetrio Vallejo had tried to organize independent railroad unions, which the Mexican government quickly ended. It arrested Vallejo under a violation of Article 145 of the Penal Code, which defined "social dissolution" as a crime.〔Poniatowska, Elena. ''Massacre in Mexico'', trans. Helen R. Lane Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1991.〕 Arising from reaction to the government's violent repression of fights between rival ''porros'' (gangs), the student movement in Mexico City quickly grew to include large segments of the student body who were dissatisfied with the regime of the PRI. Sergio Zermeño has argued that the students were united by a desire for democracy, but their understanding of what democracy meant varied widely.〔""La democracia, punto de unión universal entre quienes animamos ese movimiento, se vuelve un espejismo cuando nos acercamos tratando de precisar su contenido." See Sergio Zermeño, ''México, una democracia utópica: El movimiento estudiantil del 68'', 5th Edition (Mexico City: Siglo Veitiuno, 1985), 1.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tlatelolco massacre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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